1930. The Great Depression settles across America. Twenty-five cents-an-hour jobs attract thousands of men, two-thirds of them black, to dig and drill Union Carbide's Hawks Nest (WV) tunnel - three miles long and forty-six feet-in-diameter - through a mountain of near-solid rock. The company dams the New River and diverts it into the tunnel; at the tunnel's downstream-end turbines will generate power for Union Carbide factories. At least 800, possibly over 1,500, tunnel workers die of acute silicosis in America's worst, and least known, industrial disaster.

The company covers up the deaths. Orville Orr, a company-paid deputy sheriff who rousts workers each morning, transports workers' corpses to a funeral home 20 miles away. The bodies receive a cornfield burial, their graves marked by cornstalk crosses. Dry drilling - no water dampening the dust from the drills - produces tunnel air laden with high concentrations of silica. Workers have no respiratory protection and develop acute silicosis. Orville learns the truth - the deaths could have been prevented. He first attempts to get breathing protection for workers. That failing, he takes action to secure the first autopsy of a tunnel worker and build evidence of the company's responsibility for the fatalities. Armen, the daughter of a tunnel worker and a union organizer who died of silicosis, joins him and they fall in love. The autopsy prompts an attempt on Orville's life; he narrowly escapes. The autopsy's findings lead to legal action by workers and their families. An epilogue describes the outcomes of courtroom trials and a later congressional investigation.









© 2009 Dwight Harshbarger

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